Millennium Stadium
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The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm), is the national stadium of Wales, located in the capital Cardiff, and is used primarily for rugby union and football home internationals. At the time of its construction it was the largest stadium in the United Kingdom with a capacity of 75,100, but has since been overtaken by Old Trafford, Twickenham Stadium and the new Wembley Stadium. The Millennium Stadium is owned by Millennium Stadium plc which is a subsidiary company owned by the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU).
History
Background
Until 1969 Cardiff and Wales played their home matches on the same pitch but a sea-change came in the 1969-70 season. As a result of an agreement between Cardiff Athletic Club and the WRU, the National Stadium project established a new stadium for international matches with club rugby fixtures switched to the original cricket ground on the Cardiff Arms Park site.
In 1994 a redevelopment committee was set up to consider redeveloping the National Stadium. By 1995 the WRU was chosen to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup.
By 1999 the National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, as it was officially known, was replaced by the Millennium Stadium. Cardiff Rugby Football Club, however, continue to play at Cardiff Arms Park.
National Stadium at Cardiff Arms Park, which was designed in 1962, showed that other nations stadia had overtaken it, with Twickenham Stadium (England) with a capacity of 82,000 and Murrayfield Stadium (Scotland) with a capacity of 67,000, and with France about to build the Stade de France with a capacity of over 80,000 for the 1998 FIFA World Cup.
Additional problems were that the National Stadium was also very well hidden by the neighbouring buildings to the south in Park Street, Wood Street and to the east in Westgate Street, and also by Cardiff Rugby Ground in the north. It was only visible fully visible from across the River Taff in the west. Access to the ground was also very restricted with the main entrance being a narrow opening in Westgate Street to the east which is shared by both vehicles and spectators alike.
In order to remain on the Arms Park site additional space had to be found to allow safe access and to provide room for the increased capacity and facilities. This was achieved by the purchase of adjacent buildings to the south and east and by the construction of a new River Walk by the River Taff on the west side.
The capacity of the National Stadium was 53,000, which included 11,000 standing in the East Terrace. With new safety regulations, this would mean that the capacity would be reduced further to 47,500. It was decided that the new stadium should have a sliding roof to accommodate a multi-use venue, with a grass pitch for rugby and football (soccer). The only other sliding roof in Europe at the time was at the Amsterdam Arena, with a capacity of 50,000.
The options for the new stadium included adding a third tier to the existing National Stadium. Other options included moving to a new site. But this option was discounted because it would require vast car parking facilities and that would put severe short-term pressure on the local transport infrastructure, creating traffic jams and pollution.
The committee eventually chose a new stadium on the same site but with considerable increase in its capacity. It would also involve moving the alignment of the stadium from west-east to north-south. This was the option supported by the Millennium Commission. It would become the fourth redevelopment of the Cardiff Arms Park site
Features
The all-seater stadium has the capacity for 75,100 supporters and features a retractable roof (only the second stadium in Europe, and the second biggest in the world, with this feature) to protect the playing surface from the elements. Additional seating is sometimes added for special events such as a rugby Test against the All Blacks, or formerly for the FA Cup final. The record attendance of 75,100, who saw Wales defeat Scotland by 30-15 in the 2008 Six Nations Championship on 9 February 2008.
The natural grass turf is a made up of a modular system installed by GreenTech ITM. It features built in irrigation and drainage. The pitch itself is laid on top of some 7,400 pallets which can be moved so the stadium can be used for concerts, exhibitions and other events.
The superstructure of the stadium is based around four 90.3 metre masts. The stadium was built from 56,000 tonnes of concrete and steel, and has 125 hospitality boxes, 22 bars, 7 restaurants, 17 first aid points, 12 escalators and 7 lifts.[9] In each of the stadium's bars, so-called "joy machines" can pour 12 pints in less than 20 seconds. During a Wales-France match, 63,000 fans drank 77,184 pints of beer, almost double the 44,000 pints drunk by a similar number of fans at a game at Twickenham.
The stadium has a resident hawk named "Dad", who is employed to drive seagulls and pigeons out of the stadium
Motorsports
In 2001 it staged its first ever motorsport event, hosting the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain, and has done every year since, in 2007 attracting over 41,000, a record for British Speedway. In September 2005 the stadium was host to the first ever indoor stage of the World Rally Championship during the Wales Rally Great Britain. The lower tier of the stadium was removed to create a figure-of-eight course. In addition to this, the stadium has hosted stages for the British Rally and motocross events. In October 2007 The stadium will host the UK leg of the Monster Jam Monster trucks Europe tour
Film
The stadium has also on occasion been used as a venue for shooting film and television productions. "Dalek", an episode of the 2005 season of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who, was shot primarily on location at the stadium, using its underground areas to stand in for an underground base in Utah, United States in the year 2012. The location shooting for the episode took place during October and November 2004. The underground areas of the stadium were used again in Doctor Who for the 2005 Christmas special, "The Christmas Invasion". The area was used as the headquarters for UNIT, based under the Tower of London. The episode was broadcast on Christmas Day 2005. The Hindi film Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham was also filmed there.
The Wembley stadium scene in the film 28 Weeks Later was actually filmed at the Millennium Stadium. Although the outside is footage of Wembley, the inside is all filmed in Cardiff. The effects team on the film edited the footage to make it look more like Wembley
Rugby Union
The stadium is the home of the Welsh rugby union team, who play all of their home fixtures at the venue. These games include those during the Six Nations, as well as the November Tests against nations from the Southern Hemisphere. Apart from the national team the stadium has been used for Celtic League games, as well as Heineken Cup matches. The Cardiff Blues sometimes play larger home fixtures at the ground